نوع المستند : المقالة الأصلية
المستخلص
الكلمات الرئيسية
الموضوعات الرئيسية
Abstract:
The historical harbor of Wadi Al-Jarf is located on the western side of the Gulf of Suez. The site is close to Saint-Paul Monastery. the area extends from Wadi al-Jarf al-Bahari in the north to Wadi al-Deir in the south, between latitudes 28°60 and 28°50N, and longitudes 20°4023° and 4°53°32E. This historical harbor lies 100 km south of El-Sokhna port and abut 24 km south of El-Zafarana port. The archaeological findings of Wadi Al-Jarf facilities give a good indication about their availability and diversity, as they cover an area of 635 km2, from the Gulf of Suez coastline to the inner Wadi. The Harbor of Wadi El-Jarf is one of the submerged types as a result of sea level changes, due to the tectonic subsidence, which is estimated at about 3 meters since the era of Khufu in the third millennium B.C. This harbor dates back to the era of Old Kingdom, where it is estimated to be 4500 years old. The harbor has been used as a marine hub to the mining expeditions during the reign of King Khufu, in order to reach the mining areas in the Sinai Peninsula, which were administered by the ancient Egyptians on the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez, where the harbor of Tel Ras Badran is located. The historical site of Wadi Al-Jarf harbor was first explored in 1923 by the British explorer Sir John Gardner Wilkinson. The current research deals with the history of the site exploration and the structural of the harbor, in order to determine how this harbor was working. Study of the Physical geographical characteristics affecting the genesis and evolution of Wadi Al-Jarf harbor shows the impact of natural factors on the harbor, such as location and situation, Climatic and marine conditions. The shape of the coast helped in formation of the harbor. Climatic conditions, such as wind and its effect on port constructions and wharfs directions.
References
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